Grotto of Massabielle, Lourdes: History, Spring and Visiting

The Grotto of Massabielle, in Lourdes, is the site where the Virgin Mary appeared eighteen times to Bernadette Soubirous between 11 February and 16 July 1858. Now the heart of the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes, it received 3.2 million pilgrims in 2024, according to the Sanctuary’s figures (Sanctuary of Lourdes, official magazine no. 2, February 2025).

This page presents the Grotto itself: what it is, what happened there, and what it remains for pilgrims today. It is part of the full dossier on Massabielle.

What is the Grotto of Massabielle?

“Massabielle” means “old rock” in the Bigourdan dialect. It is a natural cavity carved into the limestone cliff, on the bank of the Gave de Pau, now part of the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes.

Before 1858, this grotto was nothing remarkable. It was a poor, little-visited spot by the river, already called Massabielle by the people of Lourdes. Bernadette Soubirous, fourteen years old, went there on 11 February 1858 to gather firewood with her sister and a friend — an ordinary errand, with nothing to suggest what would follow.

It is also commonly called the “Grotto of the Apparitions,” both names referring to the same place (Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes).

1858: The Apparitions at the Grotto in Brief

Between 11 February and 16 July 1858, Bernadette Soubirous saw a “beautiful Lady” eighteen times at the Grotto, whom she called, in her own dialect, Aquéro — “that.” The message she received was brief: prayer, penance, conversion.

The First Apparition and the Message

From the very first meeting, on 11 February 1858, Bernadette recited the rosary, and the Lady accompanied her in silence (Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes). The rosary would remain, for the rest of her life, her most familiar prayer. Over the following apparitions, the Lady asked for prayer and penance — “Penance! Penance! Penance! Pray to God for sinners” — a word the Sanctuary invites us to understand as conversion: turning one’s heart toward God and toward others.

It was also at the Grotto that the Lady told Bernadette to go and drink and wash at a spring that was not yet visible: “Anatz bèbe à la hilhete e vous i lavatz” — “Go and drink at the spring and wash yourself there.” She also asked her to “kiss the ground for the conversion of sinners”: “Anatz poutoua la terre per la counberssiou des pecadous.” Bernadette then scratched at the ground with her fingers; a trickle of muddy water appeared, which would become the spring of the Grotto.

25 March 1858: “Que soy era Immaculada Councepciou”

On 25 March 1858, at the sixteenth apparition, the Lady finally revealed her name, again in dialect: “Que soy era Immaculada Councepciou” — “I am the Immaculate Conception.” The phrase names the privilege by which, according to Catholic faith, Mary was preserved from original sin from the very moment of her conception (CCC § 491; Pius IX, bull Ineffabilis Deus, 8 December 1854).

This page does not detail every meeting: the account of the 18 apparitions traces their best-established milestones. The authenticity of the apparitions at the Grotto was recognized by the Bishop of Tarbes, Mgr Laurence, in an Episcopal Decree of 18 January 1862.

The Spring of the Grotto

Since Bernadette’s gesture in 1858, a spring has flowed at the back of the Grotto. The Church speaks of “spring water,” never “miraculous water” or “holy water”: both of the latter expressions cause confusion and correspond to no teaching of the Church about this water.

Bernadette herself warned against any magical reading of this gesture: “The water is taken like a medicine; this spring would have no power without faith.” The spring water therefore has no medical value in itself. Its value is spiritual and sacramental: it accompanies prayer, it does not replace it.

The Catechism recalls that the healings worked by Christ are a sign that “God has visited his people” (CCC § 1503) — a framework that also applies to the healings associated with Lourdes: they are understood within faith, not as a chemical effect of the water. For more detail on what the Church officially recognizes, see the recognized healings at Lourdes and the water of Lourdes: use and meaning.

How the Site Is Laid Out

Around the Grotto, the Sanctuary domain now covers 52 hectares crossed by the Gave de Pau (Lourdes Tourist Office).

In the niche where Bernadette said she saw the Lady stands a Carrara marble statue of the Virgin, in place since 4 April 1864, the work of the Lyon sculptor Joseph Fabisch, according to the Sanctuary. It was therefore set there six years after the apparitions: it is an artist’s work, not a portrait of what Bernadette described.

Near the Grotto, fountains allow pilgrims to drink the spring water, and taps located by the arcades allow them to take some home (Sanctuary of Lourdes, “Boire l’eau et s’y laver”).

Above the rock of the Grotto stands the Basilica of the Immaculate Conception; the Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary faces it, above the level of the Grotto. The three basilicas and the rest of the domain are presented in detail on our page on the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes.

The Grotto Today

In 2024, 3.2 million pilgrims passed through the gates of the Sanctuary to go to the Grotto, according to the Sanctuary’s figures (Sanctuary of Lourdes, official magazine no. 2, February 2025) — a figure to be preferred over older estimates of “5 to 6 million,” which the published statistics do not confirm.

Before the Grotto, prayer is lived above all in silence and gesture: a lit candle, a rosary told bead by bead, a hand resting on the rock worn smooth by generations of pilgrims. In the evening, the Torchlight Marian Procession gathers pilgrims on the nearby esplanade (Sanctuary of Lourdes, “Horaires du Sanctuaire Notre-Dame de Lourdes”).

The date of 11 February, that of the first apparition, carries an added meaning today for sick pilgrims: Jean-Paul II established the World Day of the Sick on that date in 1992, first celebrated on 11 February 1993. A direct link therefore exists, every year, between the memory of the first meeting at the Grotto and prayer for those who are sick or suffering.

Visiting the Grotto: Access and Opening Hours

The Grotto remains a place of free, open passage, accessible during the Sanctuary’s opening hours, which vary with the season: they are listed on the Sanctuary’s hours page.

At the fountains near the Grotto, pilgrims can perform the “water gesture”: drawing a little spring water, bringing it to their lips or making the sign of the cross with it — a sober gesture. The Sanctuary’s baths remain open for bathing (Sanctuary of Lourdes, “Boire l’eau et s’y laver”). This rite continues the very first instruction Bernadette received: to go and drink and wash at the spring.

The basilicas, the processions and the main moments of the day are presented on a dedicated page: the Sanctuary domain and pilgrim life. To plan your stay in Lourdes — travel, accommodation, time of year — a practical guide sets out the steps.

What Can the Image of the Grotto Teach Us?

Beyond the historical account, some pilgrims propose a spiritual reading of the place itself — a meditation, not an established doctrinal statement.

In this reading, the rock can evoke Christ: Saint Paul recalls that in the desert, the rock that accompanied the Hebrew people already prefigured Christ (1 Cor 10:4), and the Gospel of Matthew reports the promise of a Church built upon the rock (Mt 16:18). The spring that flows from the flank of the rock can, in turn, recall the blood and water that flowed from Christ’s pierced side on the cross (Jn 19:34). Some pilgrims further see, in the niche where the statue of the Virgin stands within the hollow of the rock, an evocation of the heart — an image of devotion, to be received as such rather than as a teaching of the Magisterium.

The basilicas of the Sanctuary — the Basilica of the Immaculate Conception foremost among them — are built directly above the rock of the Grotto. In the spiritual reading offered here, this arrangement can itself become an image: churches founded upon the rock, just as the Church, according to Christian faith, is founded upon Christ (Mt 16:18). This connection remains a meditation, not a historical explanation of the Sanctuary’s architecture.

This section offers a path for meditation; it does not replace either the historical account of the apparitions or the Catechism’s teaching on Mary and on the Church.

Frequently Asked Questions

Sources and References

Magisterium

• Catechism of the Catholic Church, editio typica 1997 — § 491, § 1503
• Pius IX, bull Ineffabilis Deus (8 December 1854)
• Bible: 1 Cor 10:4; Mt 16:18; Jn 19:34

Lourdes sources

• Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes — lourdes-france.org (accessed July 2026)
• Sanctuary of Lourdes, “Horaires du Sanctuaire Notre-Dame de Lourdes”, lourdes-france.org/horaires/ (accessed 19 October 2026)
• Sanctuary of Lourdes, “La Grotte”, lourdes-france.com/pelerin-dun-jour/la-grotte/ (accessed 19 October 2026) — access hours vary with the season, free access
• Sanctuary of Lourdes, “Boire l’eau et s’y laver”, lourdes-france.com/pelerin-dun-jour/l-eau/ (accessed 19 October 2026) — water gesture at the fountains, bathing in the baths
• Sanctuary of Lourdes, official magazine no. 2, February 2025, p. 6 — lourdes-france.com/uploads/revue/FR/N2_FR.pdf (accessed 19 October 2026) — “Au total, 3,2 millions de pèlerins ont franchi les portes du Sanctuaire pour se rendre à la Grotte de Massabielle” [In total, 3.2 million pilgrims passed through the gates of the Sanctuary to go to the Grotto of Massabielle] (figures for the year 2024)
• Lourdes Tourist Office — lourdes-infotourisme.com (surface area of the domain)
• Sanctuary of Lourdes, “The statue of the Virgin of Lourdes is 160 years old”, 28 March 2024 — lourdes-france.com/en/the-statue-of-the-virgin-of-lourdes-is-160-years-old/ (accessed 21 October 2026)

Bernadette corpus

• Laurentin, Récit — chronology of the apparitions
• Laurentin, Logia — Bernadette’s words in the Bigourdan dialect